Protoplasms preparation for monocot plants
Protoplasm isolation is a recurrent technique that is needed for the transfection of plant tissue culture and the evaluation of transiently expressed genetic vectors. This is a widely used technique in many plant development labs. However further adaptation might require adjustments on either more recalcitrant salt and buffer concentrations or longer exposure to enzymatic hydrolysis. In some cases, cellulase 10 is indicated for woody tissues with longer incubation times. Here we present a protocol that is adapted from Zhang et al. Plant Methods 2011, 7:30 http://www.plantmethods.com/content/7/1/30, usually intended for monocots (e.g. grasses). However, this protocol can be adjusted for other types of plants. The complementary video helps to visualize the most critical steps. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjqmE3mnrQU
Rice Protoplast isolation (can be adapted to other monocots)
Adapted from:
Zhang et al. Plant Methods 2011, 7:30 http://www.plantmethods.com/content/7/1/30
MATERIAL & SOLUTIONS:
EtOH 75%
Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%
Sterilized DDH2O
1/2 MS medium
Enzyme solution: 1.5% Cellulase RS, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.6 M mannitol, 10 mM MES at pH 5.7, 10 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% BSA
W5 solution: 154 mM NaCl, 125 mM CaCl2, 5 mM KCl and 2 mM MES at pH 5.7
MMG solution: 0.4 M mannitol, 15 mM MgCl2 and 4 mM MES at pH 5.7
Sharp sterile razor or scissors.
Orbital shaker or rotator
40 μm nylon meshes (for 50ml falcon tubes)
Micro pipettes (1ml-5ml)
Culture vessels (e.g. Magenta boxes), petri dishes, falcon tubes
Light microscope
Hemocytometer
Preparation of material and seed germination:
-Sterilize de-hulled seeds with 75% EtOH for1min
-Discard used EtOH
-Sterilize de-hulled seeds with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 20min
-Discard Sodium hypochlorite solution
-Wash seeds 5x with sterilized DDH2O
-Incubate with 1/2 MS medium with a photoperiod of 12 h light (about 150 μmol m-2 s-1) and 12 h dark at 26°C for 7-10 days.
Protoplasms preparation:
-Green tissues were extracted from the stem and sheath of 40-60 rice seedlings. A bundle of rice plants (about 30 seedlings) was propulsively cut into approximately 0.5 mm strips with sharp razor blades.
-Transfer strips into 0.6 M mannitol for 10 min in the dark
-Discard mannitol
- Incubate strips in enzyme solution (1.5% Cellulase RS, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.6 M man- nitol, 10 mM MES at pH 5.7, 10 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% BSA) for 4-5 h in the dark with gentle shaking (60-80 rpm).
-Add an equal volume of W5 solution (154 mM NaCl, 125 mM CaCl2, 5 mM KCl and 2 mM MES at pH 5.7) and vigorous shaking for 10 sec
-Filter protoplasms through 40 μm nylon meshes
-Wash 3-5x using W5 solution
Recover protoplasm by centrifugation at 1,500 rpm for 3 min with a swinging bucket (fixed angle rotor can work too, reduce speed for 1,000 rpm for 5 mins)
Wash again with W5 solution
pellets were then resuspended in MMG solution (0.4 M mannitol, 15 mM MgCl2 and 4 mM MES at pH 5.7)
-Determine cells concentration using a hematocytometer
Further discussion and adaptations to the Protoplasma isolation can be found here: https://molbio.mgh.harvard.edu/sheenweb/faq.html
NOTES:
All manipulations above were performed at room temperature.
Where to finds some of the tools enlisted here
40 μm nylon meshes
Razor blades:
Hemocytometer:
Falcon tubes:
Thanks for the info. I have forwarded a link to a friend involved in micropropagations.